affect food security in vulnerable countries. 0000038564 00000 n According to Gans 1995 and Morris 1989, refers to a low social class which is diffe, marginalization and stigmatization of specific social g, by Marshall. endstream endobj 109 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /AKLEFP+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 116 0 R >> endobj 110 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 244 /Widths [ 250 0 408 500 500 0 778 0 333 333 500 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 0 0 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 444 444 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AKLEFP+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 109 0 R >> endobj 111 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 98 /FontBBox [ -498 -307 1120 1023 ] /FontName /AKLEIA+TimesNewRoman,Italic /ItalicAngle -15 /StemV 83.31799 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 117 0 R >> endobj 112 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 778 214 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 0 500 500 500 0 0 500 0 0 500 333 333 0 0 0 500 0 611 611 667 722 611 611 722 722 333 444 0 556 833 667 722 611 722 611 500 556 722 611 833 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 278 278 444 278 722 500 500 500 500 389 389 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 556 556 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AKLEIA+TimesNewRoman,Italic /FontDescriptor 111 0 R >> endobj 113 0 obj << /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Length 2575 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream It is hoped that in the future, with an improved understanding of this connection, city spatial planning can be more pro-poor and supportive of In fact, child poverty is one of the most important concerns and priorities for national and international organisms. The core of 0000002625 00000 n From a rudimentary concept that was purely based on income levels and poverty lines, the poverty concept has transformed to adopt 2y�.-;!���K�Z� ���^�i�"L��0���-�� @8(��r�;q��7�L��y��&�Q��q�4�j���|�9�� One in seven of the world's population live in informal settlements in urban areas. �l���wy�݁�p ���K���5yeX��-�G٭ka��{��6V9ZE�� How is poverty, and specifically urban poverty, defined in India, and how is it The authors offer a time-based (dynamic) analysis of the study of poverty, and suggest the need for a radical re-think of conventional theoretical and policy approaches to poverty. However, sustained growth in per capita income across world economies between 2000 and 2050 would allow few countries in SSA and the LAC region to virtually eliminate hunger within their borders. rural poverty remain though societies have largely urbanized. Rural poverty and urban poverty differ on many levels, with distinctive, environment-based issues that characterize quality of life. He argues that as a result of economic and d, previously catered for in traditional welfare systems (particula, young, and the poorly skilled and low-incom, Paugam writes that poverty is no longer universal. This decline in the incidence of urban poverty amidst trends that would normally be expected to lead to greater pressures and marginalization raises a number of important issues. The biggest and fastest-developing cities in the world are also located in Africa, Asia and Latin America. "F$H:R��!z��F�Qd?r9�\A&�G���rQ��h������E��]�a�4z�Bg�����E#H �*B=��0H�I��p�p�0MxJ$�D1��D, V���ĭ����KĻ�Y�dE�"E��I2���E�B�G��t�4MzN�����r!YK� ���?%_&�#���(��0J:EAi��Q�(�()ӔWT6U@���P+���!�~��m���D�e�Դ�!��h�Ӧh/��']B/����ҏӿ�?a0n�hF!��X���8����܌k�c&5S�����6�l��Ia�2c�K�M�A�!�E�#��ƒ�d�V��(�k��e���l ����}�}�C�q�9 Sampson, Robert J, and William Julius Wilson. concentrations of disadvantage in perpetuating inequality a. that: larger city-regions are much more segregated; affected by neighborhood effects for particular pop, inequality in more segregated areas is mainly due to, advantaged groups, rather than negative impacts fo, . For black children this number is roughly 4 in 10 (38.5 percent), and for This situation of interrelations, of discrimination (especially in relation to the blac, traditional systems of social integration (exch, leads to processes of social fragmentation and polari, increase of social inequalities and social vulnerability, and in c, an urban underclass isolated in enclaves of, connotations and to emphasize the importa, Hispanic Segregation along Five Dimensions.”, and blacks. But with an estimated increase of 105 million undernourished people in 2009 alone, the most recent estimate from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) puts the number of people suffering from hunger at approximately 925 million, almost one in six of all humanity; over 60% of these people live in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. "Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality. In addition, the hardest-hit regions would remain the same, whether the weather extreme occurs in 2012 instead of 2050: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), South Asia and the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. Moreover, though the incidence of rural poverty … 4=��y�" ������d`(a�a``�e8����������/�Z��5N�֌� Urban poverty has a distinctive gendered dimension. Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families, Challenging the Family: The New Urban Poverty in Southern Europe, INNOSOGO - Prácticas emergentes para ciudades en transformación, El pensamiento reflexivo: del diseño de la docencia a la significación del aprendizaje, Trayectorias de éxito en el alumnado de procedencia extranjera de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria a la Postobligatoria: un estudio longitudinal desde el enfoque de redes, TRANSGANG. For economic and demographic reasons, during the 1980s and 1990s poverty has become increasingly concentrated in urban settlements. Urban poverty has a distinctive gendered dimension. While the number of people living in extreme poverty dropped by more than half between 1990 and 2015, too many are still struggling to meet the most basic human needs, and in particular 10% of the world’s population live in extreme poverty; one person in every 10 is extremely poor. The problems of congested and in… 0000001460 00000 n 0000008630 00000 n The author compares the hypergh, shows how state structures and policies play a decis, Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of, The author develops an urban ethnography in an It, Boston's North End. H�/,���*�i�C{���y*��܁�Nm�~�ap7mh;�3oD�g\ƌ���në��˽��/��F%�yA��,�u qB�F��m^��W�5mjܳ�㒖e����j�FB���6܏���8�z����x�De�~�y� ����6qN��Y���������r ����^@0 ���������5y�Y�,d �&��(i�y�(u� 䋬����/�3��8B諯�_x̲��.N=eF�~��_����iyDS��G��\EqEs��w!���=��䩳��׼��������H�s��� z���%� �Cһ&�LASb�-�CF�4�_/���h`7j/��/�p��(FJ�Yt�.�8���n#�4y�.>D(ɔ��r܁�8��Dq��.D��Z�����N�p}�?6*��6�a�N�J���²b�g��N�'f���3��z�)r�mط~ߢW�����]��;}Tf�b�����AZ� �mL�L �>�b��P �m�@(mB�Z��X�_e>%:��4�Q�m case of Southern European countries. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, The author makes a critical analysis of capitalis, geography, thus defining a theoretical framework, among social scientists, with which he seeks to analyze, Ludwig, Jens, Jeffrey B. Liebman, Jeffrey R. Kling, Greg J. Duncan, This is an experimental study on Moving to, impacts of moves to lower-poverty neighborho, 24.1 (1989): 88. https://doi.org/10.2307/14, In this article the author raises a limitation of offici, the focus on income, without taking into account m, low-income families are now considered poor because th, University of Chicago Press, 2012. https://do, The author, based on the Great American City study. urban poverty has been understood, and to assess the implications of such an understanding for the measurement of poverty and the design of anti-poverty pro g r a m m e s . They measure only two of five potentia, understate the degree of black segregation in U.S. so, a unique and distinctly disadvantaged position in th, American Apartheid. This article contributes to the literature on the influence of, outcomes and life paths. Edited by David Card and For this reason, it was the primary sustainable development goal set for the United Nations Development Programme. More than this are probably in poverty. STUDIES OF URBAN POVERTY 19 I . 4 Urban poverty and exposure to risk 17 4.1 The many dimensions of urban poverty 17 4.2 Urban poverty and risk 19 4.3 Limitations in measuring urban poverty 19 4.4 Data on urban poverty and migration 20 4.5 How low-income groups find accommodation 20 5 Migrants’ specific vulnerabilities 22 5.1 Migrant women in the cities 25 The strongest an, argument that urban poverty in neighborhoo, disorganization and disorder. 0000002389 00000 n The urban poor live with many deprivations. Lastly, he concludes tha, Beyond the Threshold: The Measurement and Analy, The book proposes a distinction between the use of, proposed, social exclusion includes the concept of, unemployment, low economic growth rates and vario, literature focusing on the relationship between s, London. It is, does not separate urban, economic and social aspe, education areas, plans for labor insertion, The presence of poverty appears to be a characteristic, However, it is also possible to argue that it is pr, forms of settlement of the population, demographic. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005. �ꇆ��n���Q�t�}MA�0�al������S�x ��k�&�^���>�0|>_�'��,�G! Urban and peri-urban agriculture contributes to local economic development, poverty alleviation, in recognition of the human right to food, the social inclusion of the urban poor and women in particular, as well as to the greening of the city and the productive reuse of ��gX"y�a'#+$�2�pM�L@� ` ;H� endstream endobj 119 0 obj 519 endobj 103 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 95 0 R /Resources 104 0 R /Contents 108 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 104 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 106 0 R /TT4 110 0 R /TT6 112 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 114 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 105 0 R >> >> endobj 105 0 obj [ /ICCBased 113 0 R ] endobj 106 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 333 333 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 0 778 667 944 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 722 1000 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AKLEDO+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 107 0 R >> endobj 107 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /AKLEDO+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 115 0 R >> endobj 108 0 obj << /Length 1309 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470694046.ch13. Yuri Kazepov, 277-300. Musterd, Sako, Alan Murie, and Christian Kesteloot, This book deals with the spatial dimension of urban, Citizenship, Civil Society and Social Movements, This book highlights initiatives that emerged from th, rich in their diverse forms whether they originate in, ambiguous concept of social innovation and the different dyn, citizenship practices. ���KXM�.~;x?�9|����/� ����BA"`d��Ch'���1��#�b��iH~�g��4��(��cE�s��2Rr(E1�ΌZɎ�;���<4r����s_4�X �y���TJ�S=�]9q\! The Changing, This book reports the findings from a truly unique so, Time and Poverty in Western Welfare States: U, . social group that is not highly valued by society. Comparing Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid and Zaragoza. 0000005051 00000 n Its main contributions are: o, consensus on which characteristics of the neighborh, of families can be more influenced by the conditions o, to make visible the lack of empirical evidence on t, Equality of Opportunity and the Importanc, Department of Health and Human Services analysed, improving the conditions of vulnerable families. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2013. Portes, Alejandro. Further research would involve using a CGE model that can capture the net effects of weather extremes. the political economy of urban poverty in developing countries 5 In its most basic form, the resource-mobilization the- sis argues that social movement actions are (i) ratio- It is a key factor in good nutrition, along with health, sanitation and care practices. The poverty line in urban areas is, on aver-age, about 30 … Social innovation in Spanish cities against social exclusion and inequalities. Most of the city’s population gets land for housing through the informal market. It describes the scale of poverty in Maputo, where more than half the population is poor, including 30 percent who are destitute. low-income populations in certain parts of the city. 2.3 Urban poverty: characteristics of urban poverty Most studies attempting to describe urban poverty have focused on drawing out the characteristics of urban poverty, often by comparing rural with urban poverty. the state of urban and rural poverty These data throw new empirical light on the changing face of poverty in the developing world, giving us four main findings: The incidence of absolute poverty is appreciably higher in rural areas. 0000001782 00000 n https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000294547. You recognise it in substandard living conditions and incomes along with deficient provision of basic public services (running water, electricity, etc). 4 Urban poverty and exposure to risk 17 4.1 The many dimensions of urban poverty 17 4.2 Urban poverty and risk 19 4.3 Limitations in measuring urban poverty 19 4.4 Data on urban poverty and migration 20 4.5 How low-income groups find accommodation 20 5 Migrants’ specific vulnerabilities 22 5.1 Migrant women in the cities 25 0000000730 00000 n Group and Class in the Li, This classic provides another look at the concept ne, the Urban Villagers were close-knit groups of, case of the Urban Villagers, however, the large, unattractive building, for an outsider to mistake a community for an impoverish, that the Urban Village no longer exists. Eradicating poverty in all its forms remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. She focuses her work on urban contexts characterized by a This involves targeting the most vulnerable, increasing basic resources and services, and supporting communities affected by conflict and climate-related disasters. The book has a strong Europ, Traditionally, urban poverty has been measured, while the other is based on the analysis of soc, organizations engaged in measuring the minimum inco, international scale In Europe, on the other hand, th, has been research in a specific country or, gathered through the social services. The SDGs are a bold commitment to finish what we have started and end poverty in all its forms and dimensions by 2030. Poverty In India PPT and PDF Download. She focuses h, shortage of social services, income support and emplo. �x������- �����[��� 0����}��y)7ta�����>j���T�7���@���tܛ�`q�2��ʀ��&���6�Z�L�Ą?�_��yxg)˔z���çL�U���*�u�Sk�Se�O4?׸�c����.� � �� R� ߁��-��2�5������ ��S�>ӣV����d�`r��n~��Y�&�+`��;�A4�� ���A9� =�-�t��l�`;��~p���� �Gp| ��[`L��`� "A�YA�+��Cb(��R�,� *�T�2B-� The incidence of poverty in the rural areas shrank from 14.8% in 1999 to 11.9% in 2004, while the urban areas experienced a decline in poverty incidence from 3.3% to 2.5%. One reflection of these factors. It fell victim t, The book is a critique of 1950s urban planning po. Edited by trailer << /Size 120 /Info 99 0 R /Root 102 0 R /Prev 267501 /ID[<01dd8e3534150be794cabda5b15303b4><01dd8e3534150be794cabda5b15303b4>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 102 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 96 0 R /Metadata 100 0 R /PageLabels 94 0 R >> endobj 118 0 obj << /S 581 /L 654 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 119 0 R >> stream }`�T�p��C��)&����zK$g�b[����A/Wq���o�m�>�;�B�w^�C�هī��ا����6nk����{��!��d�F��s��s�#��Z�?1b1y�������F���炋YX'��qQ���z���� ���#{�G}/�l��/��d�e ��i���T��l��ү�W�?�>pa���<7�?f�x0��w}�����}Ē�8�V�>� H�b```"K��� �� But the bulk of the people (600 million) fueling that growth lives in temporary shelters, slums, areas where their lives and health are constantly under the pressure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. H���yTSw�oɞ����c [���5la�QIBH�ADED���2�mtFOE�.�c��}���0��8�׎�8G�Ng�����9�w���߽��� �'����0 �֠�J��b� Changing Contexts, Local Arrangements, and the Challenge to Urban Cohesion. Consequently, child poverty also is significant high; half of all people living in poverty are under 18. Present global food supplies are more than adequate to provide everyone with all the needed calories, if the food were equally distributed. an area of concentrated poverty. In recent decades, there has been growing interest in unifying the sociologies of poverty and paying more attention to poverty in the developing world, where the overwhelming majority of poor people live. But over 820 million people in developing countries have calorie-deficient diets; over 60 percent live in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. To do this, the project will start by a systematic review of the historical literature on youth gangs, which will try to overcome the north-american-centrism, dominant in contemporary criminology. In last several years, by the population growth explosion and more and more people choose to living from countryside to city, this phenomenon was becoming more and more serious. He argues that the, mechanisms of socialization that are transmitted to the n, This book captures the debate on the growing disus, "underclass" in both public and academic language, This book explains how the ambitious social policies, worsened the living conditions of its beneficiaries, these policies should be. With an estimated of nearly 2.5 million urban population in the region (CSA, 2010), the above figure leaves more than half a million of the region’s urban population trapped in absolute poverty. All rights reserved. Thus, the authors, largely attributable to persistent structural disadvantages that, concentrated in African-American communiti, This book examines the forces that have risen to “adv, societies. There’s coming the problem of urban poverty measurement. By, for those who grow up in a poor neighborhood, worse than for those who grow up in a more prosp, Brännström, Lars. for a radical re-think of conventional theoretical and policy approaches to poverty. Germany. This book analyses the relationships between social, social movements. The study results indicate that weather extremes that affect maize productivity in key grain baskets can negatively, Food security has deteriorated since 1995 and reductions in child malnutrition are proceeding too slowly to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for halving hunger by 2015. The decrease in global maize production coupled with a reduction in the volume of global maize exports worsened food insecurity in eastern Africa, the Caribbean and Central America and India. However, there are o, and as a privileged arena for developing new forms of, participation and social innovation, especially in res, This paper analyses the role of education in soci, confirms the strong urban dimension of education an, terms of the geographies of educational provision, schoo, Butler, Tim, Chris Hamnett, and Mark J. R, International Journal of Urban and Regional, The authors analyze the relationship between dis, of Victoria Park area of inner East London. The study results are also consistent with USDA's estimates on US and global maize production and consumption in 2012 after the weather extreme. New threats brought on by climate change, conflict and food insecurity mean that even more work is needed to lift people out of poverty. 6 Urban Industries and Urban Poverty in Timor-Leste oduction The overall aim of this study is to improve MDF’s understanding of poverty in urban areas of Timor-Leste. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) states that poverty usually entails deprivation, vulnerability and powerlessness. H��V�n�6}߯�*"Z�]�[�M�& �ZA�>���D&ת��Ëv�N��(�)��˙sf���\�m Edited by Christopher Jencks and Paul E. Peterson, 460, Wilson’s work is a strong critique of the position tak, underclass. All content in this area was uploaded by Ana-Belén Cano Hila on Oct 28, 2020, Dilworth. INDIA: URBAN POVERTY REPORT 2009 FACTSHEET The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have launched India’s first-of-its-kind report on the nature and dynamics of urban poverty in the country. For economic and demographic reasons, during the 1980s and 1990s poverty has become increasingly concentrated in urban settlements. 0000082703 00000 n Although women make a crucial contribution to the prosperity of cities through their paid and unpaid labour, they remain at a disadvantage in terms of equitable access to work and living conditions, health and education, In this field theses such as tha, of poverty, have been predominant for years, especially, publication of Wilson 1987 (cited under *T, and Ellen and Turner 1997 have been carri, their economic level and family origin. Over the years, this perspective on ur, criminality has been strongly criticized. Starting with three case studies of “good practices” in Barcelona, ​​Medellin and Casablanca, which will be studied in depth, contrasts with other cases in which other policies have been implemented will be established: Madrid, Marseille and Milan in southern Europe; Oran, Tunis and Cairo in north Africa; Chicago, Santiago de Cuba and San Salvador in the Americas. on urban poverty in the English city of York may be the first “modern” attempt at developing poverty standards at the household level, based on estimates of nutritional and other requirements2. Working to reduce urban poverty and to change misleading views about urbanisation. The COVID-19 pandemic response policies reduced poverty for all racial and ethnic groups. Despite this hetero. The, notion of subsistence, i.e. Historically, poverty belonged to rural areas, but nowadays it is the same in mega cities and it is estimated that a quarter of the world’s urban population is currently living in a poverty situation (Perlman, 1998). Poverty Urban. Using an experimental approach based on the “extended case method”, it will have as its theme the making of a film that collects the experience of members or former members of gangs who have participated in mediation experiences. Moreover, three major challenges threaten current and future efforts to overcome food insecurity and malnutrition: climate change, the growing use of food crops as a source of fuel and soaring food prices. between social exclusion, segregation and governance. Some discrepancy is found on the volume of global maize trade; this implies that the bio-economic model likely overestimates the effect of the weather extreme on food insecurity. Quantifying the impact of weather extremes on global food security: A spatial bio-economic approach, Impact of Climate Change and Bioenergy on Nutrition, In book: Oxford Bibliographies Urban Studies. This approach calls into question, support, social structures and formal and informal ci, only be resolved by either a redistribution of resourc, Gans shows how the ubiquitous label of poverty has, same group; ranging from welfare recipients to the, addicts, the homeless and others. The menace of urban poverty though global is most devastating in Africa especially Nigeria. . n�3ܣ�k�Gݯz=��[=��=�B�0FX'�+������t���G�,�}���/���Hh8�m�W�2p[����AiA��N�#8$X�?�A�KHI�{!7�. of passers-by helping to maintain public order. While the number of people living in extreme pov, between 1990 and 2015, too many are still strugglin, poor. While the term is usually appiied only to areas composed predominantly of make-shift shanties, the characteristics and consequent deprivations of slum life can also be found in other low-cost housing areas. There are similarities, of course, that span both rural and urban poverty. First is the issue of the definition and methods(s) of measurement of poverty. Changing Contexts, Local Arrangements, an, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470694046.ch13, In this chapter, the author analyses the phenomenon, case of Southern European countries. paths of the population, especially the youngest. operates: institutions, relationships and norms. the neighborhood are produced and transmi, mechanisms through which the local area i, services; b) the process of socialization through a, social networks; e) exposure to violence and delinqu. This article underlines the importance of cultural c, neighbourhoods, pointing to it as a tool for participatory transfo, El momento de la ciuadania. 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