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Based on Structure/Shape of polymer Polymers can be linear, branched, cross linked or networked. 0000188918 00000 n
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Low M High M ⢠Polymers can have various lengths depending on the number of repeat units. information about structure or properties of polymers. Overview; What is a Polymer? Polymers There are two types of polymerisation: addition and condensation Addition Polymerisation An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer Monomers contain C=C bonds Chain forms when same basic unit is repeated over and over. %PDF-1.6
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For each Polymers serving as drug carrier should Examples: polyethylene, PVC, nylon. 0000004744 00000 n
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The general structure of these polymers is shown in Fig. Synthetic polymers are characterized by defined structures with flexibility of modification in terms of functionality and degradability and response to environmental fluctuation (chemical and biological response to stimuli), mechanical strength [29]. The subjects are logically combined because understanding how structure a ects properties, as measured in characterization, is a key element of polymer materials science and engineering. What is Polymer? Some natural polymers are composed of one kind of monomer. 0000007147 00000 n
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Most of the polymers around us are made up of a hydrocarbon backbone. specific chemical structures. Polymers in the natural world have been around since the beginning of time. Networked polymers are complex polymers that are heavily linked to form a complex network of three-dimensional linkages. Carbon is the most common element in polymers. ⢠Both amorphous and crystalline areas in same polymer. 0000001584 00000 n
Polymers are those which consists of repeated structural units known as monomers. £ù`?ÉÿCüeÿãøó×ýOTÇ_ûÿ¨2þüÅÿkâÏ_ÿÿ¤þ1þO+ óVþQþÏ+àéÿ¢8þüùGú¿,¼ÿ«øóçÏ?Üÿuqÿoà÷ÿ¶ þüùÇý¿?þ±ÿïàÏ?ÿðÿ£áÏ?ÿÿ½ñÏõÿÔþüsý?÷À?þüù'ûé?þüùóÏùÿ:-þüùóçÏ?ÿÄÿoSáÏ?þüùóçÏ?þÉÿßk÷ÿãþüùóoõÿ`ÃS These identical structures, we understand as a unit made up of two or more molecules, join together to form a long chain. endstream
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49 0 obj<. 11 The length of of the polymeric molecule L = l m l: the length of a single bond in the backbone of the hydrocarbon chain m: the number of bonds For example, Nylon, which contains nitrogen atoms in the repeated unit backbone. ⢠More crystalline polymer - stronger and less flexible. Crystalline polymers ⢠Areas in polymer where chains packed in regular way. synthesis of polymers new structures and methods Oct 24, 2020 Posted By William Shakespeare Library TEXT ID 348e30a9 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library processes for the synthesis modification and characterisation of macromolecules in addition to the preparative aspects the book also gives the reader an impression on the /XObject<<
Man-made polymers have been studied since 1832. 0000002050 00000 n
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The first chapter is devoted to this broad objective. CHEM 379 â W20 Physical Properties of Polymers 6-1 6. 15. ⢠Linear polymers have monomeric units joined end to end in single chains. G H I I J K L M N N O P Q R S T U V W X X Y Z [ \ ] ] ^ _ ` a b c d !e "e "f "g "h #h #i #j #k #l $l $m $n $o %p %q %r &s. In basic terms, a polymer is a long-chain molecule that is composed of a large number of repeating units of identical structure. The word polymer designates an unspecified number of monomer units. endobj It is the most widely used plastic in the world, being made into products ranging from clear food wrap and shopping bags to detergent bottles and fuel tanks. /Resources<<
unusual properties of high polymers are developed, it will be convenient to consider the chemical and structural aspects of polymers at three different levels: 1) The chemical structure (atomic composition) of the monomer (primary structure) 2) The single polymer chain (secondary level) 3) Aggregation of polymer chains (tertiary structure) 10. Polymers are substances consisting of macromolecules and the high molecular weight and chain-like structure of the macromolecules are responsible for the unique properties of polymers. Polymers are very large and very complicated systems; their character ization has to begin with the chemical composition, configuration, and con formation of the individual molecule. /MediaBox[0 0 842 595]
Polymers. >>
The unit substance or substances from which the polymer is obtained is called a monomer. /F1 9 0 R /F2 10 0 R>>
Polymers are composed of non-metallic elements, found at the upper right corner of the periodic table. The spectrum of applications of polymers is immense. cleavage of covalent bonds between them and bio erodible polymers bring about erosion of the polymer due to dissolution of linking chains without bringing about any change in chemical structure of the molecule [2]. Typically 4,000 to 15,000 (depending on polymer structure) for a random coil polymer Corresponds to a degree of polymerization of about 600 (i.e., DP bar = 600) irrespective of polymer structure i) ii) â´ This change in viscosity is a function of topology/entanglement and not chemical interactions Polymers and PolymerizationsâArchitecture 12 The number of complementary reactive sites and geometry of monomer determine For example, the window glass of airplanes made of polycarbonate cannot repair mechanical damages autonomously, which could lead to a ⦠â¢Silk is a polymer of the amino acids glycine and alanine â¢Wool is having disulphide (sulphur-sulphur) bonds to link the polymer ⦠Poly(a lkenes) are chemically inert due to the strong C-C and C-H startxref
When the number of monomers is very large, the compound is sometimes called a high polymer. Lesson 5: Structure and Applications of Metals; Lesson 6: Types and Applications of Metal Alloys; Lesson 7: Structure and Applications of Ceramics; Lesson 8: Structure and Applications of Polymers. Glassy polymers are widely used as structural materials in aerospace vehicles, airplanes, automobiles, biomedical devices, and so on. 0000001798 00000 n
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Classification based on polymer structure Structure of polymer Copolymers Isomerism (Structural Isomerism, Sequence Isomerism, Tacticity) Chain arrangement (Topology) Molecular weight in polymers Thermal transitions glass transition and melting Mechanical properties of polymer Topics: 8 Topic: Principle Characteristics of Polymers [1-7] Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. Polymers are not restricted to monomers of the same chemical composition or molecular weight and structure. Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. 0000003206 00000 n
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Polyethylene is considered to be as one of the simplest polymer, it has ethene or ethylene as the monomer unit whereas the linear polymer is known as the high density polyethylene-HDPE. 0000001643 00000 n
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